What makes a woman scientist extraordinary? Why have women historically not pursued education and research in science? What obstacles did they face and what limited their access to and interest in such fields of study? This course will seek to ① understand why women have not fully participated in scientific communities and why many still feel unwelcome when they do, ② articulate reasons why it is advantageous to science to include a diversity of people and perspectives and ③ develop a deeper knowledge of the scientific contributions made by a number of these extraordinary women scientists. We will study the achievements of a number of women scientists over the past 150 years and evaluate the obstacles faced by women in many different scientific fields.